These pharmaceuticals find their way into rivers, lakes, and even drinking water, and they can have devastating effects on the environment. Thus, it has been suggested that the drugs (antibiotics, antiparasitics, antifungals, and anticancer medicines) might prove to be one of the most important environmental pollutions, because these are designed to kill organisms or cells. It is obvious that medicines play a significant role in the treatment and prevention of diseases in both humans and animals nevertheless, pharmaceuticals can also cause harmful effects on health and environment. In the last few years, drug prescription has increased several folds, and consequently, an intensification of drug taking by humans and animals has also been observed. As the obtained results showed that the electrode mechanism of closantel is controlled by the adsorption, the effect of adsorption was studied using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. −1.4 V and anodic peak on the reverse scan at ca. Also, the electrochemical behavior of closantel was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, and it was found that closantel exhibited a quasi-reversible behavior with cathodic peak on the forward scan at ca. The results showed that the developed procedure can be adequate for screening purposes. In addition, a relevance of the developed SWAdSV method was successfully verified by the quantitative analysis of closantel in the commercial formulation Closamectin Pour-On with satisfactory results (RSD = 5.8%, recovery = 101.8%). At optimal conditions, the SWAdSV response of Hg(Ag)FE for determining closantel was linear over two concentration ranges of 5.0 × 10 −8 to 2.0 × 10 −7 mol dm −3 and 2.0 × 10 −7 to 1.2 × 10 −6 mol dm −3 with a detection limit of 1.1 × 10 −8 mol dm −3. −1.4 V in the Britton–Robinson (B-R) buffer at pH 7.0. As observed in SWAdSV, closantel provided one well-shaped reduction peak suitable for analytical purposes at potential ca. In this paper, the square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric (SWAdSV) determination of the veterinary drug closantel using a renewable silver amalgam film electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) is presented.
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